1. Planning Passages
(Mariners Education/Navigation)

... the voyage. The process involves projecting various future events including landfalls, narrow passages and course changes expected during the voyage. This mental model becomes the standard by which the ...

2. Navigational History
(Mariners Education/Navigation)

... sailing a course when the weather limited visibility of the sky. The true mariner's compass using a pivoting needle in a dry box was invented in Europe no later than 1300. Nautical charts called portolan ...

3. Marine Navigation
(Mariners Education/Navigation)

... or DR, in which one advances a prior position using the ship's course and speed. The new position is called a DR position. It is generally accepted that only course and speed determine the DR position. ...