1. IMO
(Mariners Education/Safety)

... which went into effect on 1 July 2004. The concept of the code is to provide layered and redundant defenses against smuggling, terrorism, piracy, stowaways, etc. The ISPS Code required most ships and ...

2. Planning Passages
(Mariners Education/Navigation)

... to the ship's navigator. Studies show that human error is a factor in 80 percent of navigational accidents and that in many cases the human making the error had access to information that could have ...

3. Navigational History
(Mariners Education/Navigation)

... from the 17th century until the adoption of the sextant in the 19th century. In 1599, Edward Wright published Certaine Errors in Navigation, which for the first time explained the mathematical basis ...

4. Marine Navigation
(Mariners Education/Navigation)

... in the Northern Hemisphere by sighting the North Star Polaris with a sextant and sight reduction tables to take out error for height of eye and atmospheric refraction. Generally, the height of Polaris ...