1. Navigational History
(Mariners Education/Navigation)

... as they were known at the time. In October 1957, the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial satellite, Sputnik. Scientists at Johns Hopkins University’s Applied Physics Laboratory took ...

2. Marine Navigation
(Mariners Education/Navigation)

... information from satellites. Most other modern techniques rely on crossing lines of position or LOP. A line of position can refer to two different things: a line on a chart and a line between the observer ...