Question 1913Navigation General

The correct answer is D) Rotation of the Earth and continental interference. The two most effective generating forces of surface ocean currents are the rotation of the Earth (Coriolis effect) and the interaction of the ocean with continental landmasses (continental interference). The Coriolis effect causes surface currents to deflect to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. Continental interference, such as the presence of coastlines, also plays a significant role in shaping and directing the flow of surface currents. The other options are incorrect because water depth and underwater topography (A) primarily influence deep ocean currents, while temperature and salinity differences (C) are more important for driving thermohaline circulation, which is a deeper, slower-moving current system.