The correct answer is C) Drill a hole in the center of the broken stud. Drilling a hole in the center of the broken stud is generally the best first step to begin the process of removing a bolt or stud that has broken off flush with the surface. This creates a point of purchase to grip the broken end and extract it, without damaging the surrounding material. The other options are less effective - a tapered screw extractor may not grip the flush surface, heating the bolt can damage the surrounding area, and tapping with a punch may further deform the broken end.