The correct answer is D) all of the above. Kapok life jackets require proper care and should not be: A) Stowed near open flame or where smoking is permitted, as the kapok filler is highly flammable. B) Used as seats, pillows, or foot rests, as this can damage the life jacket and impair its ability to function properly. C) Left on open decks, as exposure to the elements can degrade the kapok and compromise the life jacket's buoyancy. All of these practices can lead to the deterioration of kapok life jackets and should be avoided to ensure they remain in proper working condition in the event of an emergency.