Question 15

The Correct Answer is A. **Explanation for A (Neither vessel is the stand-on vessel.) being correct:** This scenario involves two vessels crossing in Restricted Visibility (fog) that are **not yet in sight** of one another, but are presumably aware of each other's presence through means like radar or fog signals. In the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs), Rule 19 governs the conduct of vessels in Restricted Visibility. Rule 19 explicitly states that the Rules of Section II (Rules 12 to 18 – Steering and Sailing Rules, including rules for overtaking, head-on, and crossing situations) **do not apply** to vessels in sight of one another in restricted visibility. Therefore, the concept of "stand-on" and "give-way" established in the standard crossing Rule 15 (which applies when vessels are in sight) is not invoked. Instead, Rule 19(d) dictates specific actions when a vessel detects another vessel's presence forward of the beam. Both vessels must take appropriate action to avoid collision, which typically involves reducing speed to bare steerageway or stopping, and maneuvering with caution if necessary, but **neither vessel is designated as having the right-of-way** (stand-on). Both are required to act defensively and avoid a close-quarters situation. **Why the other options are incorrect:** **B) The vessel which hears the other vessel's fog signal first:** The order in which a signal is heard has no bearing on the navigational status (stand-on or give-way) under COLREGs, especially in restricted visibility. Both vessels are equally responsible for avoiding collision. **C) The vessel which has the other on her own starboard side:** This designation describes the **Give-Way** vessel under Rule 15 (Crossing Situation) when vessels are **in sight**. Since the vessels are **not in sight** in the fog, Rule 15 does not apply, and therefore this designation is invalid for defining the stand-on vessel. **D) The vessel which has the other on her own port side:** This designation describes the **Stand-On** vessel under Rule 15 (Crossing Situation) when vessels are **in sight**. Since the vessels are **not in sight** in the fog, Rule 15 does not apply, and the concept of a guaranteed stand-on vessel is nullified by Rule 19.