Question 9

The Correct Answer is D **Explanation for Option D (Both vessels alter course to starboard):** Option D is correct because it directly states the action required under Rule 14 (Head-on Situation) of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs) and the corresponding Inland Rules. This rule applies when two power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses so as to involve risk of collision. The rule states: "Each shall alter her course to starboard so that each shall pass on the port side of the other." This is the mandatory action required to avoid collision safely in a head-on situation. **Explanation of Incorrect Options:** **A) Sound at least five short and rapid blasts:** This signal is prescribed by Rule 34(d) as the **danger or doubt signal** when a vessel is in doubt as to the intention or actions of another vessel, or believes the necessary action is not being taken. While this signal might be used *in addition* to maneuvering if there is confusion, it is **not** the required navigational action to resolve a head-on meeting. The required action is altering course to starboard (Rule 14). **B) Back down:** Backing down (reversing engines) is an action that reduces speed or stops the vessel, but it is generally a drastic maneuver used when collision is imminent (Rule 17) or for stopping in extremis. It is not the standard, primary action required for safely resolving a standard head-on meeting; the primary action is altering course to starboard to pass port-to-port. **C) Both vessels shall stop their engines:** Stopping engines is a necessary component of reducing speed or taking "way off" a vessel (Rule 17/19), particularly in restricted visibility or when waiting for the other vessel's intentions to become clear. However, it is not the *primary required action* for resolving a head-on situation involving risk of collision; the primary required action is the positive course alteration mandated by Rule 14.