Question 9

The Correct Answer is D **Explanation for Option D (Both vessels alter course to starboard):** Option D is correct because it directly reflects the requirements of Rule 14 (Head-on situation) of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs) and the corresponding Inland Rules. This rule applies when two power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses and there is a risk of collision. The rule explicitly states: **"Each shall alter her course to starboard so that each shall pass on the port side of the other."** This is the standardized, predictable, and mandatory action required to avoid collision in a head-on situation. **Explanation of why other options are incorrect:** * **A) Sound at least five short and rapid blasts:** This signal (the danger or doubt signal) is used when a vessel doubts the intentions or actions of another vessel, or when necessary to indicate danger. While it might be used *if* the head-on action (altering course to starboard) fails or is unclear, it is not the **required action to be taken** *to resolve* the meeting head-on situation itself. The required maneuvering signal (one short blast) accompanies the starboard turn, but the danger signal is not the primary evasive action. * **B) Back down:** Backing down (reversing the engines) reduces speed and headway, which can be useful for avoiding collision in close quarters or specific emergency scenarios. However, Rule 14 requires a definitive change in direction (alteration of course) to pass port-to-port, not primarily a reduction in speed. Backing down alone does not guarantee predictable passing and could potentially confuse the situation. * **C) Both vessels shall stop their engines:** Stopping engines falls under "action to reduce speed" or "stopping," which is part of the general requirements of Rule 8 (Action to Avoid Collision) but is not the specific, mandatory maneuver required by Rule 14 for a head-on situation. While a vessel may need to stop engines to reduce speed, the primary action mandated in this scenario is the predictable course alteration to starboard.