Question 21

The Correct Answer is C 1. **Why option C ("not result in another close-quarters situation") is correct:** This requirement is explicitly stated in Rule 8(d) of the COLREGs (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, which are mirrored in U.S. Inland Rules). Rule 8 outlines the actions required to avoid collision. Specifically, Rule 8(d) mandates: "Action taken to avoid collision shall be such as to result in passing at a safe distance. **The effectiveness of the action shall be carefully checked until the other vessel is finally past and clear.**" The interpretation of taking effective action that results in passing at a safe distance inherently means the action taken must not immediately create a new, dangerous, close-quarters situation with the original vessel or any other vessel. If the action results in another close-quarters situation, it was not effective action. 2. **Why the other options are incorrect:** * **A) include a speed change:** While a substantial speed reduction or stopping engines (Rule 8(b) and 8(c)) is often the most effective action, the Rules state that action taken to avoid collision *shall* be positive, made in ample time, and involve an alteration of course and/or speed. A course change alone can be sufficient and effective, depending on the circumstances, meaning a speed change is not mandatory in *every* situation. * **B) be accompanied by sound signals:** Sound signals (Rules 34 and 35) are required only in specific scenarios (e.g., when maneuvering in sight of one another as a power-driven vessel, or when operating in restricted visibility). In many situations where action is taken in sufficient sea room (e.g., a small course alteration in a clear channel), no sound signal is required by the Rules, provided the action is obvious and effective.