Question 9

The Correct Answer is D **Explanation for Option D (Both vessels alter course to starboard):** Option D is correct based on Rule 14 (Head-on situation) of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs), which applies to both international and inland waters (often adopted directly or slightly modified). Rule 14(a) states: "When two power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses so as to involve risk of collision each shall alter her course to starboard so that each may pass on the port side of the other." This standard maneuver ensures predictable and safe passing by directing both vessels to the right, maintaining a clear path to port. **Explanation of why other options are incorrect:** **A) Sound at least five short and rapid blasts:** This signal (at least five short and rapid blasts) is the danger or doubt signal (Rule 34(d)). While it might be used to express doubt about the other vessel's intentions, it is not the *required action* for resolving the head-on situation itself. The required action for maneuver is altering course to starboard. **B) Back down:** Backing down (reversing engines) is a drastic maneuver that slows the vessel significantly but does not effectively resolve the head-on crossing situation by establishing a clear passing side. While reducing speed might be prudent (Rule 8), the specific required action under Rule 14 is altering course. **C) Both vessels shall stop their engines:** Stopping engines falls under the obligation to reduce speed or stop engines if the circumstances require it (Rule 8). However, stopping engines alone does not satisfy the requirement of Rule 14, which mandates a specific course alteration (to starboard) to resolve the risk of collision predictably.