Question 21

The Correct Answer is C ### Explanation for Option C (Correct) Option C, "not result in another close-quarters situation," is correct because it is a fundamental and mandatory requirement of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs), Rule 8(c) (Action to Avoid Collision). Rule 8(c) states: "If there is sufficient sea room, alteration of course alone may be the most effective action to avoid a close-quarters situation provided that it is made in good time, is substantial **and does not result in another close-quarters situation**." The primary goal of any collision avoidance action is not only to solve the immediate danger but also to ensure the maneuver does not immediately create a new, equivalent danger with another vessel that may be nearby. This requirement is absolute when a vessel maneuvers to avoid collision. --- ### Why the Other Options Are Incorrect **A) include a speed change** This is incorrect. Rule 8(b) states that alteration of course **and/or** speed should be taken. Rule 8(c) specifically mentions that if there is sufficient sea room, alteration of **course alone** may be the most effective action. A speed change is often useful or necessary (e.g., reducing speed or stopping), but it is not a required component of *every* avoidance action. **B) be accompanied by sound signals** This is incorrect. Sound signals (Rule 34) are mandatory only for very specific situations or actions (e.g., when vessels are meeting or crossing in specific circumstances, when maneuvering in reduced visibility, or when using the danger signal). Prudent and early avoidance maneuvers taken while vessels are still far apart and in clear view are often done without sound signals, provided the course/speed change is obvious to the other vessel (Rule 8(b)). **D) All of the above** Since options A and B are not universal requirements for every collision avoidance action, option D is incorrect.