The correct answer is D) height of tide. The height of tide refers to the vertical distance between the surface of the water and the tidal datum, which is a reference point for measuring water levels. The tidal datum is typically the mean lower low water (MLLW) level. Therefore, the distance between the water surface and the tidal datum represents the height of the tide at a given time. The other options are incorrect because charted depth (A) refers to the depth of water as shown on a nautical chart, which does not necessarily match the actual water depth (B) at a specific time. The range of tide (C) is the vertical distance between the highest and lowest tides, which is a different measurement than the height of tide.